Cellular phosphorylation is a modification that can change the activity, binding properties, or cellular localization of proteins or enzymes. It is also an important regulatory process that plays a critical role in many disease pathologies, including inflammation, cancer, neurological and metabolic disorders. Enzymes that phosphorylate proteins at specific amino acid residues (e.g., tyrosine, serine, and threonine) are called kinases. Enzymes that remove a phosphate group by hydrolysis are termed phosphatases. Because phosphorylation is central to most signal transduction pathways, phosphorylated peptides (i.e., phosphopeptides) are used for the analysis of protein kinases and phosphatases in may cellular assays.

Chemistry

Phosphoralation may occur on Serine (S, Ser), Threonine (T, Thr) and Tyrosine (Y, Tyr) side chains by phosphoester bond formation. CPC Scientific can synthesize phosphopeptides and incorporate single or multiple combinations of phosphoserine (pS), phosphothreonine (pT), or phosphotyrosine (pY).

phosphorylated amino acids for custom peptide synthesis

Applications

  • Studying roles in disease pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
  • Developing phospho-specific antibodies.
  • Mapping and quantifying phosphorylation sites.
  • Developing mass standards for proteomic identification.
  • Studying structural PTMs that regulate protein function.
  • Developing assays using phosphatase substrates for phosphatase activity.
  • Investigating cellular signaling and signal transduction pathways.

Phosphorylated Peptide Citations

Phosphorylated Peptides from Stock